Colposcopy

What is a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a medical procedure used to closely examine the cervix for any abnormalities or signs of disease. The cervix is the opening to the womb from the vagina.

A colposcopy is often recommended after an abnormal cervical smear result where changes to the cervical cells may be found secondary to high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), or after several inadequate cervical smear tests. It can also be used to investigate unusual vaginal bleeding.

What to expect during a colposcopyBefore, during and after

Preparation

We suggest you schedule the procedure for when you are not menstruating. Avoid having sexual intercourse or using vaginal creams or pessaries in the 24 hours before your colposcopy.

Procedure

You will lie on an examination table with your legs on a padded support. A speculum is inserted to open the vaginal walls, allowing the cervix to be visible. The colposcope is a microscope with a light attached which is used to examine the cervix. The doctor or nurse carrying out the procedure will put liquids on the cervix which will enable them to see any abnormal cervical cells. If any abnormal areas are identified, a small tissue sample known as a biopsy may be removed for further examination.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 15-20 minutes.

Discomfort

You may feel slight pressure or discomfort, but don’t worry, a colposcopy is generally well-tolerated.

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If abnormal cells are found during the procedure, you may be advised to have them removed to reduce your risk of cervical cancer.

This can be done in two ways:

Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ): An injection of local anaesthetic is given to numb the cervix and a heated loop of wire is used to remove the tissue. The procedure takes about 15 minutes and is often carried out at the same time as the colposcopy.

Cone biopsy: If a larger area of tissue needs to be removed, a cone biopsy may be recommended. This is usually carried out under general anaesthetic and therefore involves a further appointment. A cone shaped section of tissue from the cervix is removed.

What happens next?Following a colposcopy, you can expect the following

Results

Your doctor or nurse will discuss the findings with you and how the results of any biopsy will be communicated to you. The results may take several weeks.

Activity

You can resume normal activities after a colposcopy. If you have had a LLETZ or cone biopsy, you may be given some specific instructions

Pain relief

You may have some mild pain for a few days and simple painkillers such as paracetamol can help with this.

Follow-up

Your provider will recommend follow-up care based on the results.

Complications

These are rare and you will be given information about these during your consultation. If you start to experience heavy bleeding, unpleasant smelly vaginal discharge or worsening pelvic pain you should seek medical advice.

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Ultimately, a colposcopy is a safe procedure and is an important tool for detecting problems and managing cervical health.