Progesterone for Women

Not everyone experiences side effects, but some women notice:

• Fatigue or drowsiness (especially with micronised progesterone)
• Bloating
• Breast tenderness
• Mood changes (some progestogens can cause low mood in sensitive individuals)
• Spotting or irregular bleeding (particularly when adjusting to a new regimen)

If side effects persist, adjusting the dose or switching the type of progesterone can often help.

There is no strong evidence that progesterone HRT directly causes weight gain. Some women experience bloating or fluid retention, especially when starting treatment, but this often settles over time. Hormonal changes during menopause can affect body composition, but lifestyle factors like diet, activity levels, and sleep play a much bigger role in weight changes.

Micronised progesterone is a form of progesterone that has been processed into tiny particles, making it easier for the body to absorb. It’s considered the safest form of progesterone for HRT and is often better tolerated than synthetic progestogens.

Body-identical progesterone refers to progesterone that has the same molecular structure as the hormone naturally produced in your body. It’s derived from plant sources and is available as micronised progesterone (Utrogestan) in the UK. This form is preferred in HRT due to its safety profile and lower risk of side effects.

Taking progesterone cyclically means using it for part of the month rather than every day. This approach is usually for women who are still perimenopausal or on sequential HRT, meaning they take oestrogen daily and progesterone for 12–14 days per month. This mimics a natural menstrual cycle and often results in a monthly withdrawal bleed.

Taking progesterone continuously means taking it every day without a break. This is typically used in continuous combined HRT, which is suitable for women who are postmenopausal (12 months without a period). This approach helps to prevent a withdrawal bleed and keeps hormone levels steady.

Progesterone is usually prescribed alongside oestrogen to protect the uterus from overgrowth.

Progesterone is not easily boosted through lifestyle alone. However, certain factors may support healthy progesterone levels, including:

• Managing stress – High cortisol (stress hormone) can reduce progesterone levels.
• Supporting ovulation – If you are still ovulating, ensuring a well-balanced diet, regular exercise, and good sleep can help maintain progesterone production.
• Including magnesium and vitamin B6 – These nutrients support hormone balance and progesterone metabolism.